MEMORANDUM FOR : Chief, TSD

       SUBJECT        : NKNAOMI : Funding Objectives, and Accomplishments


               1. Finance:  The basic annual expenditures for FY 1966 and
 FY 1967 have been maintained at $90,000 with supplemental monies
 transferred to pay for any ad hoc investigations which necessitated
 expenditures beyond those anticipated. Supplemental monies were
 $10,000 in FY 1966 and $10,000 in FY 1967. Basic annual allotment for
 FY 1968 is $75,000.

               2. Objectives:
                       a. To provide for a covert support base to meet
 clandestine operational requirements.
                       b. To stockpile severely incapacitating and lethal
 materials for the specific use of TSD.
                       c. To maintain in operational readiness special and
 unique items for the dissemination of biological and chemical materials.
                       d. To provide for the required surveillance, testing,
 upgrading, and evaluation of materials and items in order to assure
 absence of defects and complete predictability of results to be expected
 under operational conditions.

               3. Accomplishments and Goals:  We have a relationship and a
 working agreement which provides a full range of information on technical
 developments, materials, and commodities suitable to meet our anticipated
 requirements. R and D activity has been reduced drastically and is
 currently help at an absolute basic support level.  The program is oriented
 to maintenence of a state of operational readiness of selected materials
 and a means for their delivery. The current program as funded provides a
 reservoir of research and development competency in the biological and
 related sciences in a special security environment suited to the needs of
 the Clandestine Services. Because of extremely limited Army funds available
 to it, Fort Detrick, SO Division cannot expand support to preserve a
 capability such as that currently maintained for the Clandestine Services
 if we curtail our support any further. Of course, once dispersed, such
 competence is not easily reassembled.

               4. In 1967 six (6) basic dry agents were stockpiled. These
 agents were assayed for viability and toxicity and replaced with fresh
 material when required. None of these materials are available from any
 other source and can only be produced in the controlled environment and
 facility existing in Fort Detrick. In addition nine (9) other materials
 and toxins are held in small amounts. The latter are unique and not
 available anywhere except in this stockpile. Upgrading for improved
 stability and resistance to antibiotics is underway.

               5. Quick response items which do not adversely affect
 biological or chemical materials and which can be incorporated into
 concealments include minute fragile devices and special
 microbioinoculators loaded with dry lethal and incapacitating materials.
 These systems are tested periodically to assure reliability and are
 routinely survielled to ascertain their effectiveness and suitability
 of loading and coating processes. Among the many delivery systems held in
 readiness at present are silent electrical launchers, mechanical launchers,
 rounds for loading into the launchers, ammunition concealment rounds which
 fit into carbines and rifles, and anticrop dissemination kits. Various
 configurations are being upgraded as part of a product improvement program.

               6. A nondiscernable microbioinoculator has been developed
 especially for use by the Clandestine Services and has been demonstrated
 successfully. The dissemenating device is accurate at ranges up to 250
 feet and has a very low sound level. A very small version ( .015 inch
 diameter ) carrying a .5 mg load and capable of being used in a noise free
 disseminator has been developed. Early tests have proven its feasibility
 and practicality for use at ranges up to 50 feet. Further improvements
 must be carried out before we have a ready to go system.

               7. Three methods and systems for carrying out a covert attack
 against crops and causing severe crop loss have been developed and
 evaluated under field conditions. This was accomplished in anticipation of
 a requirement wich later developed but was subsequently scrubbed just
 prior to putting into action.

               8. In anticipation of a future need for information and to
 establish a capability, a study on the vulnerablilty of subway systems to
 covert attack and development of a method to carry out such an attack was
 conducted. The suitability of the system was assesed and evaluated
 covertly, utilizing the New York City subways as the trial model. Results
 provided information on distributions and concentrations of organisms
 which are obtained. The data provided a means of assessing the threat of
 infection to subway passengers. The study provided a threat model and
 information on ease of dissemination and methods of delivery which
 could be used offensively.

               9. Activity in FY 1968 is being restricted to maintenence
 of a biological stockpile and of an operational readiness of existing
 dissemination systems for chemical and biological materials of widely
 varying reactions and activities. When funds permit, adaptation and
 testing will be conducted of a new, highly effective dissemenating
 system which has been demonstrated to be capable of introducing
 materials through light clothing subcutaneously, intramuscularly, and
 silently without pain.


                                               CHIEF
                                       TSD/Biological Branch