From sci.skeptic Wed Apr 22 09:29:33 1992 From: umrutko0@ccu.umanitoba.ca (Chris Rutkowski) Subject: Ken Frazier Should be More Skeptical Summary: Recent news article quotes Frazier as supporting the TST Keywords: Earthquakes, UFOs Organization: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Date: Tue, 21 Apr 1992 16:12:15 GMT Lines: 78 Aha! I knew that Bob Sheaffer would read this if I put that title in! (I'm obviously psychic!) A recent news story quoted Kendrick Frazier of CSICOP as endorsing a theory of UFO origin proposed by John Derr, a seismologist with the USGS. Basically, Derr says that his research has indicated that UFOs are actually earthquake lights, and are caused by EM emissions generated from stress on rock strata. He claims that statistical studies support his theory, called the Tectonic Strain Theory (TST), and that other researchers agree with his findings. Unfortunately, the TST has much less support than is claimed, and is very, very unlikely to explain more than a handful of specific UFOs reported as lights in the sky. The debate about the TST has been raging in several journals for over a decade, including the refereed psych journal Perceptual and Motor Skills. I should know, because I'm the only person to skeptically examine the TST claims and respond in the same journals. The main proponent of the TST is actually Michael Persinger, a physiological psychologist at Laurentian University in Sudbury. He believes quite firmly that "earth energy" can be seen as UFOs, but has gone much beyond this point. He also contends that such energy also causes poltergeists, ghosts and religious apparitions. How does he know this? Because his statistical studies show correlations between all of these phenomena and seismic events. Really? Well, no. You see, the statistical studies only give good correlations when you introduce a "lag" or "lead" effect as well as a distance effect (does this sound familiar to ESP critics?). In many cases, UFO reports in a give area were shown to be "correlated" with a single earthquake event 700 kilometres away (!) and months earlier than the sightings! What was worse, the UFO reports used in the correlations were raw data that were shoqwn by other researchers (such as myself) to have other explanations like aircraft, stars, hoaxes, etc. The problem is that the TST is rooted in "science", and does not invoke grey or green aliens to produce a explanation. It is not surprising that many scientists might be fooled into thinking it is a viable theory. After all, studies have shown that the temporal lobe can be affected by EM energy and cause people to hallucinate events such as "contact" with an entity. As well, EM energy is certainly emitted during stress on rock strata, and can travel great distances before being damped or absorbed. However, it is a tremendous leap of arm-waving faith to have EM emissions be carried hundreds of miles away from their emission point (by some undetermined mechanism), ascend in the air and be seen as UFOs observed for several minutes at a time (maintained by some undetermined mechanism), or affect an observed to believe he or she has seen a UFO, ghost or god. There are many obvious flaws to the theory. First, if UFOs were caused by seismicity, then why would UFOs be seen in areas with no seismic activity? Second, if UFOs were caused by seismicity, then where are the huge numbers of reports in Iceland, Java or, more recently, Mount Etna? Third, why should a lag or lead effect be introduced at all? Fourth, why would correlations be found between raw UFO data which includes misidentifications and hoaxes, and a seismic event? For a more detailed discussion of the TST or the sister "earth energy" theory of Paul Devereux in England, you are directed to letters in New Scientist, P & MS and various ufozines in which these theories are expounded. I have had many critical articles on the TST published, but, like other pseudoscientific researchers, TST proponents simply say that one needs an "open mind" to explore other possibilities, or that "certain conditions" must be met to make the theory work "just right". Therefore, I would suggest that Kendrick Frazier take another look at the TST and John Derr's research before commenting further. Let's be more SKEPTICAL, huh? -- Chris Rutkowski - umrutko0@ccu.umanitoba.ca Royal Astronomical Society of Canada University of Manitoba - Winnipeg, Canada From sci.skeptic Thu Apr 23 10:09:34 1992 From: sheaffer@netcom.com (Robert Sheaffer) Subject: Re: Ken Frazier Should be More Skeptical Keywords: Earthquakes, UFOs Date: 22 Apr 92 18:20:09 GMT Lines: 25 Yes, this is indeed correct. The hypothesis (speculations, really) of Persinger, Derr, etc. have *very* little going for them. They propose the existence of piezoelectric effects many orders of magnitudes beyond anything that has ever been measured, and they are unable to establish a solid chain of causality backward from the effect supposedly being explained to the event supposed to be responsible. The explanatory power they claim derives almost entirely from statistical correlations, and questionable ones at that. The most charitable thing that can be said about such theories is that they still have a lot of holes in them. A theory does not become "scientific" merely because it frames itself in terms of the known laws of science! -- Robert Sheaffer - Scepticus Maximus - sheaffer@netcom.com From sci.skeptic Thu Apr 23 10:10:20 1992 From: mcgrath@cs.uiuc.edu (Robert McGrath) Newsgroups: sci.skeptic Subject: Re: Ken Frazier Should be More Skeptical Keywords: Earthquakes, UFOs Date: 22 Apr 92 22:13:18 GMT Organization: University of Illinois, Dept of Computer Science Lines: 19 In article <1992Apr21.161215.16201@ccu.umanitoba.ca>, umrutko0@ccu.umanitoba.ca (Chris Rutkowski) writes in part: |> A recent news story quoted Kendrick Frazier of CSICOP as endorsing a |> theory of UFO origin proposed by John Derr, a seismologist with the |> USGS. [long description of Derr's theory and reasons to question it omitted.] So what exactly did KF say? You report an unnamed newspaper (boy that gives me a lot of confidence) and characterize him as "endorsing" it. What, exactly is he reported to have said, and is the report accurate? Let me see, if CSICOP declares a UFO theory goofy, they are biased, if they declare a theory not goofy, they are not skeptical enough. I think I smell a hidden agenda here--CSICOP is always wrong. -- Robert E. McGrath Urbana Illinois mcgrath@cs.uiuc.edu From sheaffer@netcom.com Thu Apr 23 21:45:59 1992 Return-Path: Received: by ccu.UManitoba.CA (4.1/25-eef) id AA07775; Thu, 23 Apr 92 21:45:58 CDT From: sheaffer@netcom.com Date: 23 Apr 92 21:45 -0500 To: umrutko0@ccu.UManitoba.CA Message-Id: <9204240242.AA11917@netcom.netcom.com> Subject: Re: Keay who? Status: OR Oh, Colin Keay is an astronomer at Newcastle University, NSW, Australia, maybe even head of the department. And he's even heading up one of the Commissions of the IAU, I forget which one, so he's obviously no idiot. But the problem is this: people SEE a bright fireball, hundreds of km away, and in many cases they report HEARING a noise from it, simultaneously. Of course, the sound must take many seconds, if not minutes, to arrive, so we have a paradox. The same phenomenon has sometimes been reported in re-entry of the space shuttle, and this is how Oberg got involved. So these guys come up with the idea that OK, the meteor plasma causes some kind of ELF radiation pulse, which ?somehow? causes you to hear a sound. Well, I suppose it's *possible*, but I don't buy it. Oberg got some equipment and claimed to measure a burst of ELF, which I can believe, but to go from there to "hearing a sound" requires a great Leap of Faith. Keay wrote either a long letter or a short article about this, I think it was in Science (possibly Nature, sorry, I'm vague), roughly 1982-86. If you have access to "Science Index" and look for papers by Keay, I'm sure you'll find it. In my judgment, the whole problem is in placing *too much confidence* in the eyewitness accounts, because they are SUCH nice people, and they sound SO certain of what they relate! Best, Robert In any case, it really DOES sound like "Persinger warmed over." Best, Robert From sci.skeptic Tue Apr 28 15:17:29 1992 Path: ccu.umanitoba.ca!access.usask.ca!kakwa.ucs.ualberta.ca!alberta!ubc-cs!van-bc!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!think.com!spool.mu.edu!agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!news.ysu.edu!ysub!cmuvm.csv.cmich.edu!34l4f3x From: 34L4F3X@CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU Newsgroups: sci.skeptic Subject: psychic_digest_5 Message-ID: <92118.12134134L4F3X@CMUVM.CSV.CMICH.EDU> Date: 27 Apr 92 16:13:41 GMT Article-I.D.: CMUVM.92118.12134134L4F3X Organization: Central Michigan University Lines: 84 **************************************************************** * * * P S Y C H I C D I G E S T N U M B E R 5 * * * **************************************************************** * * * That's Right! PSYCHIC DIGEST is back! The demand has * * been extraordinary and we (the chosen few) decided that * * the only Journal dedicated to telling the TRUTH about * * PARANORMAL activities should not go unpublished! * * * * Read current RESEARCH, INTERVIEWS, COMICS (without pic- * * tures ) , BREAKING NEWS, and MUCH MORE ! So without * * further ado.....PSYCHIC DIGEST RETURNS! * *--------------------------------------------------------------* * * * Some skeptics have been known to think that _true_ psy- * * chics _cheat_, or otherwise use tricks to prove their * * paranormal abilities. Well John Palmer, writing in the * * prestigious _Journal of Parapsychology_, writes that * * some psychics do bend the rules (slightly) some of the * * time for good reason. Says he of famous psychic Palla- * * dino, "If Palladino was to perform at the level of consis- * * tency expected of her, it was almost necessary that she * * learn conjuring tricks that could duplicate her genuine * * feats" (vol 52, p. 228). That should satisfy all but the * * most hardended skeptic. If they weren't so hard on us, * * we wouldn't _have_ to cheat. * *--------------------------------------------------------------* * * * We at PSYCHIC DIGEST would like to take this time out for * * a salute to the wonderful FOX television network for * * airing their accurate and informative new program "SIGHT- * * INGS". Interested persons should take notes during the * * show to try a few home "experiements" of the subject mat- * * ter presented. We suggest that a really fun project, * * would be to have a near-death experience. Tim Arg writes * * in that the best way he found to die (nearly) was to * * hook a toaster to his lower lip. Really numbs one up. * * Be sure to keep writing in with those experiences! * *--------------------------------------------------------------* * * * NEWS...This reporter has learned that, at his libel trial * * the famous URI GELLER couln't get it up (psychically * * speaking). Well, you wouldn't be able to either with all * * those people staring at you. * * * * Rumors, which have been increasing in intensity lately, * * are that former pres. Reagan's brain trouble was not nat- * * ural at all. In fact,it is becoming obvious that Ronald * * Reagan was an ABDUCTEE and that the scars are from a * * probing operation done by ALIENS to see how a human lead- * * er worked. Sources high up in the PENTAGON and CIA deny * * this is the case. Is a conspiracy brewing? See the * * Oliver Stone film, due out this fall. (This may also * * explain Nancy's fascination with Astrology and the stars) * *--------------------------------------------------------------* * * * JOKE OF THE WEEK: How many skeptics does it take to screw * * in a light bulb? It doesn't matter; they don't believe * * it exists! Hahahahahahahahahahuh? * *--------------------------------------------------------------* * * * RESEARCH NEWS...Leading PARAPSYCHOLOGY investigators have * * discovered an explanation _why_ psychics, no matter how * * hard they try, cannot win the lottery. They are dubbing * * it the 'RANDI EFFECT', named after the man hated by all * * psychics. This effect states that, as long as there are * * skeptics around, their negative energy (specifically, * * denium lotterum energy: located in the forward hemorage * * side of the brain) will overpower the psychics. Resear- * * chers say this is a involuntary antievolutionary sym- * * bio-tyloxic effect, similar to one seen in incumbant pol- * * iticians. There may be hope, one scientist noted, in the * * form of a pill or expensive seminar, somewhere down the * * road. Meanwhile, keep bending those spoons! * *--------------------------------------------------------------* * * * That's it for PSYCHIC DIGEST this time. Next time look * * for COMICS WITHOUT PICTURES, a new feature to PSYCHIC * * DIGEST. Remember our maxum: It Wouldn't Be True If So * * Many People Believed It ! * * * **************************************************************** From sci.skeptic Wed May 27 11:21:18 1992 Newsgroups: alt.alien.visitors,sci.skeptic,alt.conspiracy,alt.paranormal From: sheaffer@netcom.com (Robert Sheaffer) Subject: Re: What happened to the white spot in W.Strieber's brain? Date: Wed, 27 May 92 05:07:51 GMT Lines: 190 While we're on the subject of Whitley Strieber, the following appeared in the November, 1988 issue of BASIS, the Bay Area Skeptics' BBS. (Call the Skeptics' Board at 415-648-8944 for lots more good stuff!) The "Transformation" of Whitley Strieber by Robert Sheaffer On September 21, 1988, viewers of the popular daytime television show "People Are Talking" on KPIX, Channel 5, in San Francisco saw an amazing thing. Whitley Strieber, author of such popular works of fiction as "The Wolfen", and "The Hunger", as well as the best-selling and supposedly true accounts of humanoid visitation in "Communion" an "Transformation", indignantly refused to let the hosts of the show do any promotion of his latest book! No doubt the viewers of that show are still scratching their heads about such inexplicable behavior on the part of a guest doing a book promotion tour. As the other guest on that show, the one who was all but ignored by the hosts, let me explain why that strange scene happened. You see, forty-five minutes before air time, I arrived at the studio and was escorted to the Green Room, where guests are groomed and prepared. There I came upon Whitley Strieber in the midst of a world-class temper tantrum. He was indignantly refusing to go on! He apparently expected to be the only guest, and to have an entire hour to expound his fantasies about the humanoid "visitors" who are said to be lavishing their unwanted attention on him, unchallenged and unquestioned. I later found out that while he had left instructions with those arranging the tour that under no circumstances would he appear on any show with Philip J. Klass, he had not ruled out - at least to them - appearing with some other skeptic. The producer of "People Are Talking," Karen Stevenson, a young woman of great firmness and tact, was sitting there quietly enduring Whitley's verbal assaults. "I don't know who this man is," complained Streiber, "and I don't know what he will say!" Apparently he expects all opposing opinions to be cleared in advance! Karen firmly repeated that she had made all arrangements with his publisher, and with his publicist, in accordance with their instructions, and they had raised no objections. The young woman representing his publicist sat there quietly and somewhat nervously, obviously wishing she were somewhere else. Whitley continued his tirade. Pointing to me, he shouted "that man is going to go on and challenge my mental health. He's going to call me crazy! He's with that CSICOP, they're just as nuts as those new-age people. They have a religion of disbelief." In his short tirade against the skeptics, who he says are in the habit of calling anyone who disagrees with them crazy, Strieber called us "nuts" or "crazy" three times. I pointed out the irony of this, but it was clear from the reaction of all involved that the best thing I could say at this point was nothing. I kept silent for a while, enabling him to resume his tirade. He had received long letters from Philip J. Klass of CSICOP, he said, that were "crazy," and made no sense at all. He also charged that the hosts of the show were bound to misrepresent his experiences by saying that they are alien visitors, while he has never claimed to know whether or not "the visitors" are extraterrestrial. Those people who claim alien encounters are just as crazy as CSICOP, he charged. Streiber also claimed to be upset about the previous time he was on the show. Karen recalled that it had gone very well, but Strieber insisted it was a "stupid" show. She suggested that he was perhaps confusing it with a show in some other city called "People Are Talking," of which there are several. No, he insisted, he remembered it perfectly. The audience at this show was "stupid", they asked "stupid" questions, and they accused him of being crazy. "I don't need your show," he continued, "your stupid show! My book ("Transformation") is number four on the Best-Seller list. I don't need to do these shows! I'm getting so fed up with going on shows and having everyone laugh at me!" Karen emphasised that a live show would be starting very soon, on which he had agreed to appear, and that he must meet his commitments. But Whitley still refused to go out and appear or debate with me. "Let him go on first. I'll just do the final segment. And DON'T mention my book! I don't want you to mention my book at all if he is going to be criticising it!" Karen once again reaffirmed that he had made a commitment. Then Strieber must have realized that he couldn't win this battle. He gradually decreased his level of objection, the bluster slowly fading as it became clear that he was not going to be able to keep me off the show. "All right," said Whitley, "I will go on - but I WON'T LIKE IT!" The magnitude of that threat stunned all who were present. "And I'll never come back!" At this point we broke to get on our makeup. The assistant director of the show, Lisa Tatum, had arrived in the doorway of the Green Room a few minutes earlier, standing there silently in obvious bewilderment. Karen excused herself to go talk to the hosts of the show. The makeup man, who had been listening to all this from the adjoining room, expressed bewilderment to me about Whitley's behavior as he applied a light coat of powder to my face. Returning to the Green Room, in the few minutes remaining before air time, I attempted to engage Whitley in a substantive discussion, to disarm his hostility. I succeeded to a small extent. He objected mightily to CSICOP and everything it stands for, displaying an extreme hostility to science as well. To him, both CSICOP and the "new agers" are "fascists", because they both seek to break down the individual. We went on stage at this point, got our microphones on, and waited for the show to begin. Whitley said nothing, and still was refusing to allow the hosts to mention the name of the book he came to promote, or to show its cover. We came on camera, and as I expected, the early minutes of the show were entirely his, to tell his stories of things that go "bump" in the night, things that allegedly come into his bedroom, carry him up somewhere into the sky, and poke needles into his skull and nose to implant probes. He neglected to describe at least on the air, how the beings allegedly inserted a long, cylindrical probe up his rectum, or how the female humanoid was very interested in his penis, as was recounted in "Communion." The situation must have seemed at least a little odd to the viewers: here is a guest with many weird tales to tell, but apparently without any book in which it is told! I expected to be given a similar amount of time to question the plausibility and substance of such claims, but I had only the briefest opportunity to respond. The two hosts then took the show to the audience for questions - previewed by them - all of which except one were directed to Strieber. It became clear that I was never going to get the time to speak I was expecting. I tried interrupting a few times, but after speaking only a few words, the hosts moved on to something else. Clearly, some kind of "arrangement" had been made, keeping my time to the absolute minimum, probably because they feared that Strieber might walk off the set. One questioner asked if Strieber had attempted to trap, or photograph the visitors. Indeed he had, he replied, using video cameras, still cameras, and other devices. Unfortunately, something always goes wrong with the attempt, such as the camera batteries going dead; "the visitors" seem to possess the ability to thwart all attempts to document their presence! I was dumbfounded by a question directed to me by co- host Ross McGowen, as he worked the audience: "you DO believe that men have landed on the moon, don't you?" Apparently Whitley had succeeded in "selling", at least to the show's staff, his notion that to question his visions of "the visitors" was as perversely blind as those who insist that the space program is a fraud! I responded that 99.9 percent of the scientific community do not accept accounts of the kind Strieber relates. During the commercial break before one of the final segments, Karen dashed out onto the set to ask Strieber if he wanted his book to be "promo-ed". "NO!", he flatly replied. I said that I would like to have MY book, The UFO Verdict, "promo-ed". Whitley said, still annoyed, "Yes, go promo HIS book!" This was done, briefly. In the final fifteen seconds of the show, Ross asked Strieber from across the room if he wanted to mention his book. "NO!", Whitley snarled, then paused, and sheepishly muttered, "it's Transformation." Within seconds of going off the air, Strieber had left the studio. The 'Prima Donna' was still furious. In the final analysis, Strieber's visions of "the visitors" undoubtedly have more to do with religion and psychology than they do with anything extraterrestrial. Strieber is far from the first person in history to experience visions of bizarre beings, and then become transformed into a tireless evangelist seeking to convince the world that they are real. Many religions were founded in precisely this manner; indeed, the very titles he has chosen for these books about "the visitors" places them firmly in the realm of religion. There seems little room for doubt that Strieber firmly believes what he is saying. There is also not the slightest bit of physical evidence that any of it is true. But truth has never been a necessary element for making a nonfiction book a success, as we see from the 1987 success of "Communion" as a #1 Best-Seller, and "Transformation" now seems headed toward similar success. As skeptics, this will not surprise us, but as citizens concerned about the future of education and rational thought, it gives us reasons for grave concern. -- Robert Sheaffer - Scepticus Maximus - sheaffer@netcom.com From sci.physics Fri May 29 09:50:35 1992 From: noring@netcom.com (Jon Noring) Subject: Center for Frontier Sciences at Temple University Date: Thu, 28 May 92 21:47:12 GMT Lines: 139 Hello, Dr. Beverly Rubik sent me the following description for the Center for Frontier Sciences at Temple University and asked me to post it to Usenet. It is being cross-posted to several pertinent newsgroups. If you wish to send e-mail to Dr. Rubik, don't reply to this post. Rather, send it to the e-mail addresses given below. Jon Noring *************************************************************************** ~Date: Thu, 28 May 92 17:05:03 EDT ~From: v2058a@vm.temple.edu (Nancy Kolenda, Beverly Rubik) ~Subject: Response to replies in sci.skeptic To: noring@netcom.netcom.com (Jon Noring) ~From: Beverly Rubik, Internet: v2058a@vm.temple.edu Bitnet: V2058A@TEMPLEVM ~Subject: Center for Frontier Sciences at Temple University ~Date: 28 May 1992 In response to the recent discussion about the Center for Frontier Sciences at Temple University which appeared in the Usenet newsgroup, 'sci.skeptic', I would like to clarify the goals and activities of the Center. My popular talks at groups like MENSA, TV interviews, or public workshops for the Institute of Noetic Sciences are by necessity popular, not of the same calibre of my work in academia. Thus, it is unfair to pass judgement on the academic quality of the work we are conducting at the Center based on these. Therefore, I would like to briefly inform you here about the work of the Center. Those who work in frontier areas ranging from tributaries of the mainstream to the unorthodox, uncharted backwaters face extraordinary difficulties. The Center for Frontier Sciences was created in 1987 by the Temple administration out of need for greater openness toward novel approaches in science, medicine, and technology. As an integral part of Temple University, a large state university, the Center is uniquely situated. One of our purposes is to take an open look, tempered by a healthy level of skepticism, at novel claims in science and medicine that challenge the mainstream. Rather than taking a definitive stand on novel claims one way or the other, our approach has been to air the new claims in an academic setting with high academic standards, and ask the critical questions that might lead to more definitive answers. Another purpose of the Center is to build a global network of scholars interested in this approach, recognizing that the scientific community has become less open in recent times for many reasons, including connections with big business interests. The ultimate purpose of the Center is to help facilitate science at its best to move forward and to build a bridge from several identified frontier areas to the mainstream. Our main focus is on three areas in which collective evidence has become mounting that challenges the mainstream: mind-matter relationship, bioelectromagnetics, and energy medicine. These have been singled out as among the most likely to profoundly expand our views of the universe, life, and the face of technology in the near future. New findings in these areas which seem anomalous by conventional science, taken collectively seem to fit together somewhat like pieces of a puzzle and are beginning to give shape to a new paradigm of wholeness and interconnectedness. One strategy of the Center is informational exchange between Eastern and Western science which is now possible due to glasnost and perestroika. Presently there are over 50 Soviet and Eastern European scientists affiliated with the Center. Informational exchange is of paramount importance in the frontier areas where cross-fertilization between the very different orientations of East and West can give rise to new approaches and international collaborations. The Center hosts international roundtable meetings with invited scientists on key frontier topics such as fields and living systems, geobiology and bioinformation, and homeopathy. Proceedings are in progress. Colloquia are held monthly at Temple University. Distinguished pioneers such as Robert Becker, David Bohm, Gerald Edelman, Ross Adey, Robert Jahn, and Bjorn Nordenstrom are invited to speak and lead discussion. The Center publishes and distributes a small journal, Frontier Perspectives, worldwide. Subscriptions are $25.00 per year. (Call or write for a sample copy.) This includes reports on Center events, book reviews, letters and brief communications, and contributed original articles. Multidisciplinary in scope, ranging from physics and engineering to biology and medicine, it serves to inform scientists worldwide of frontier issues, cross-pollinate between disciplines and viewpoints, and assist in building a bridge between frontier and mainstream. Scientists and scholars who are interested in frontier science issues are invited to join our global network. Presently there are over 3,500 affiliates, about half of whom are identified national and international frontier scientists and scholars who have responded to an invitation to become affiliated with the Center. Over 300 are international affiliates from over 30 countries and 4 continents. What will be the response to a collective group of scientists challenging the mainstream? Just as cooperative or coherent phenomena in nature have unusual strength and stability, frontier researchers coming together gain a collective strength which is not easily dismissed. The Center for Frontier Sciences provides a unique opportuntiy for frontier scientists to gather together and provide mutual support under a university umbrella. All interested scholars are invited to become affiliates of the Center and join together in the challenges that await at the edge of science. For more information on the Center, including a brochure with an affiliation form contact the Center for Frontier Sciences at Temple University, Ritter Hall 003-00, Philadelphia, PA 19122. Telephone: (215) 787-8487; Telefax: (215) 787-5553; Bitnet V2058A@TEMPLEVM; Internet v2058a@vm.temple.edu; Telex: 940103 WU PUBTLX BSN. Beverly Rubik, Ph.D. Director of the Center for Frontier Sciences ********************************************************************** (end of submitted article) -- ============================================================================= | Jon Noring | noring@netcom.netcom.com | "The dogs bark, but the | | JKN International | IP : 192.100.81.100 | caravan moves on." | | 1312 Carlton Place | Phone : (510) 294-8153 | "Pack your lunch, sit in | | Livermore, CA 94550 | V-Mail: (510) 862-1101 | the bushes, and watch." | ============================================================================= Standard skeptical disclaimer: I am, of course, not implying that ALL illness should be treated by faith healing. Subject: Randi v. 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